Trees growing in boreal and temperate regions synchronize their growth with seasonal
climatic changes in adaptive responses that are essential for their survival. These trees …

Background How plants adapt their developmental patterns to regular seasonal changes is
an important question in biology. The annual growth cycle in perennial long-lived trees is yet …

Highlights•Trees have to adapt their growth to seasonally changing environmental
conditions.•This includes the regulation of growth cessation, bud set, dormancy and bud …

A similar result was seen across three deciduous, boreal tree species (Betula pendula,
Betula pubescens and Alnus glutinosa), where elevated temperatures during short-day …

Daylength is a key regulator of seasonal growth patterns in perennial trees in temperate
regions. Cessation of growth is induced by short day signal in these trees before the advent …

Perennials in boreal and temperate ecosystems display seasonally synchronized growth. In
many tree species, prior to the advent of winter, exposure to photoperiods shorter than a …

Bud set, the cornerstone delimiting the seasonal growth period in trees, is the dynamic net
result of the often photoperiod-controlled growth cessation and the subsequent bud …

In woody species cycling between growth and dormancy must be precisely synchronized
with the seasonal climatic variations. Cessation of apical growth, resulting from exposure to …

In tree species native to temperate and boreal regions, the activity‐dormancy cycle is an
important adaptive trait both for survival and growth. We discuss recent research on …

Plants display remarkable developmental flexibility as they continuously sense and respond
to changes in their environment. This flexibility allows them to select the optimal timing for …