Osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, play pivotal roles in bone modeling and
remodeling. Osteoblast differentiation, also known as osteoblastogenesis, is orchestrated by …

Bone is formed through the processes of endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
In endochondral ossification primary mesenchymal cells differentiate to chondrocytes and …

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with progressive bone loss. The bone loss is associated
with an imbalance between bone resorption via osteoclasts and bone formation via …

Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis. Osteoclasts (OCs), the sole
bone resorbing cells, are regulated by numerous cytokines. Macrophage colony-stimulating …

Osteoblasts are bone forming cells that are responsible for bone growth and remodeling.
They are derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through a series of processes …

The complicated connections and cross talk between the skeletal system and the immune
system are attracting more attention, which is developing into the field of Osteoimmunology …

Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells, which
include bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, whereas …

Objective Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osterix (OSX) as two specific
osteoblast transcription factors and distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) as a non-specific one are …

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) belong a type of pluripotent stem
cells and can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts (OB). Runt-related transcription …

Runx2 is essential for osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation. During
osteoblast differentiation, Runx2 is weakly expressed in uncommitted mesenchymal cells …