Surface-associated microbial communities, called biofilms, are present in all environments.
Although biofilms play an important positive role in a variety of ecosystems, they also have …

Biofilm formation constitutes an alternative lifestyle in which microorganisms adopt a
multicellular behavior that facilitates and/or prolongs survival in diverse environmental …

Infections with bacterial or fungal biofilms have emerged as a major public heath concern
because biofilm-growing cells are highly resistant to both antibiotics and host immune …

Biofilms are surface-associated bacterial communities that play both beneficial and harmful
roles in nature, medicine, and industry. Tolerant and persister cells are thought to underlie …

Chronic infections are frequently caused by polymicrobial biofilms. Importantly, these
infections are often difficult to treat effectively in part due to the recalcitrance of biofilms to …

Biofilms are assemblages of microorganisms attached to each other, or to a surface, and
encased in a protective, self-produced matrix. Such associations are now recognized as the …

Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor for a wide range of microorganisms that cause
chronic infections. The multifactorial nature of biofilm development and drug tolerance …

Biofilms are communities of aggregated bacterial cells embedded in a self-produced
extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilms are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment and immune …

Highlights•Biofilm infections are heterogenous, persistent and recalcitrant.•The rise of
antibiotic resistance necessitates new therapeutic strategies to eradicate biofilms.•The …

Biofilms are surface-attached groups of microbial cells encased in an extracellular matrix
that are significantly less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than non-adherent, planktonic …