Twelve world elite Biathlon (Bia), ten Nordic Cross Country (NCC) and ten ski-
mountaineering (Ski-Mo) athletes were evaluated for pronounced echocardiographic …

Nine ski mountaineering (Ski-Mo), ten Nordic-cross country (NCC), and twelve world elite
biathlon (Bia) athletes were evaluated for cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) …

Background: In young athletes, the level of competitiveness in sports is increasing, as well
as frequency and intensity of exercise training. Adaptations of the cardiac system to this …

The structure of the heart of athletes (ATHL) may differ from that of non-athletes, provided
that a regular training of sufficient intensity and duration is performed [1]. Preparation for an …

The aim of the present study was to assess, using 3-dimensioanl echocardiography, the
morphologic characteristics, determinants, and physiologic limits of left ventricular (LV) …

Background—It has been postulated that depending on the type of exercise performed, 2
different morphological forms of athlete's heart may be distinguished: a strength-trained …

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate in 263 competitive athletes possible correlations
between changes induced by different sport activities in left ventricular (LV) structure and …

Competitive athletics is often associated with moderate left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and
it has been hypothesized that training mode and type of exercise modulates long-term …

Background: Strenuous and chronic exercise training can have detrimental effects on
cardiac morphology and function. Our aim was to evaluate the cardiac adaptation between 2 …

The hemodynamic load due to physical activity leads to structural and functional cardiac
adaptations known as “Athlete's heart”. We aimed to compare myocardial performance in …