In patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the accumulation of uremic toxins,
caused by a combination of decreased excretion secondary to reduced kidney function and …

The cardiorenal syndrome relates to the detrimental interplay between the vascular system
and the kidney. The uremic milieu induced by reduced kidney function alters the phenotype …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with profound vascular remodeling, which
accelerates the progression of cardiovascular disease. This remodeling is characterized by …

Cardiovascular calcification is highly prevalent and associated with increased morbidity in
chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review examines the impact of uremic toxins, which …

Uremic vascular calcification (VC) commonly occurs during advanced chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and significantly increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Uremic …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function. The gradual decline in
kidney function leads to an accumulation of toxins normally cleared by the kidneys, resulting …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a highly increased risk of cardiovascular
complications, with increased vascular inflammation, accelerated atherogenesis and …

Vascular calcification (VC) is a cardiovascular complication associated with a high mortality
rate, especially in patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis or chronic kidney disease (CKD). In …

Vascular dysfunction is an essential element found in many cardiovascular pathologies and
in pathologies that have a cardiovascular impact such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem. CKD patients are at high risk of
developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary artery disease, heart failure …