The hypothesis that offspring are affected by parental trauma or stress exposure, first noted
anecdotally, is now supported empirically by data from Holocaust survivor offspring cohorts …

It is becoming increasingly evident that maternal exposure to adversity during pregnancy
leads to life-long effects in offspring. While there appears to be some commonality in the …

Rationale Human epidemiology and animal studies have convincingly shown the long-
lasting impact of early life experiences on the development of individual differences in stress …

Adverse experiences in early life are risk factors for the development of behavioral and
physiological symptoms that can lead to psychiatric and cognitive disorders later in life …

This paper reviews the research evidence concerning the intergenerational transmission of
trauma effects and the possible role of epigenetic mechanisms in this transmission. Two …

Background For decades, economists and sociologists have documented intergenerational
transmission of socioeconomic disadvantage, demonstrating that economic, political, and …

There is strong evidence from animal studies that prenatal stress has different effects on
male and female offspring. In general, although not always, prenatal stress increases …

BACKGROUND: There has been recent interest in the possibility that epigenetic
mechanisms might contribute to the transgenerational transmission of stress-induced …

Millions of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are parents. A burgeoning
literature suggests that offspring of parents with this condition may be at increased risk for …

Susceptibility and resilience to stress depend on 1) the timing of the exposure with respect to
development, 2) the time across the life span at which effects are measured, and 3) the …