The older history of hybrid zones is explored through consideration of recent advances in
climatology, paleontology and phylogeography in the Late Cenozoic, particularly the …

The origins and development of the study of speciation, hybrid zones and phylogeography
are outlined using evolutionary iconography. This traces the ideas in this field from Lamarck …

An appreciation of the scale and frequency of climatic oscillations in the past few million
years is modifying our views on how evolution proceeds. Such major events caused …

The genetic effects of pleistocene ice ages are approached by deduction from
paleoenvironmental information, by induction from the genetic structure of populations and …

The Quaternary cold periods in Europe are thought to have heavily influenced the amount
and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation in both animals and plants. The …

Regional phylogeographical studies involving co‐distributed animal and plant species have
been conducted for several areas, most notably for Europe and the Pacific Northwest of …

The term 'refugia'was originally used to describe the restricted full-glacial locations of
modern mid-and high-latitude taxa, especially trees and shrubs. We discuss the extension of …

Abstract Interpretations of current diversity patterns based on the contraction/expansion
model forced by climatic oscillations during the last two million years are commonplace in …

Phylogeography is a discipline concerned with various relationships between gene
genealogies—phylogenetics—and geography. The word “phylogeography” was coined in …

DNA techniques, analytical methods and palaeoclimatic studies are greatly advancing our
knowledge of the global distribution of genetic diversity, and how it evolved. Such …