The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic
heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis …

Macrophages are cells of innate immunity and are derived from circulating monocytes and
embryonic yolk sac. They exhibit high plasticity and polarize functionally in response to …

Macrophages are endowed with a variety of receptors for lineage-determining growth
factors, T helper (Th) cell cytokines, and B cell, host, and microbial products. In tissues …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse
functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage …

Classically (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages exhibit distinct phenotypes
and functions. It has been difficult to dissect macrophage phenotypes in vivo, where a …

Studies on monocyte and macrophage biology and differentiation have revealed the
pleiotropic activities of these cells. Macrophages are tissue sentinels that maintain tissue …

Macrophages represent heterogeneous cell population with important roles in defence
mechanisms and in homoeostasis. Tissue macrophages from diverse anatomical locations …

Macrophages are the epicenter of all immune systems (1). The first and the most abundant
leukocyte observed (2), macrophage have long been relegated to the role of “servants” of T …

The tissue microenvironment regulates differentiation of precursor monocytes into
macrophages. In response to the presence of microbial products, stimulated lymphocytes, or …

M1 and M2 macrophage-type responses kill or repair in vivo. The unique ability of
macrophages to make these polar opposite type of responses provides primary host …