Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most frequent autoimmune disorders,
with a multifactorial etiology in which both genetic and environmental determinants are …

Celiac disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) like Hashimoto's thyroiditis
(HT) and Graves' disease (GD) frequently coexist, entailing numerous potential impacts on …

Beside skeletal system maintenance and protection, possible extra-calcium roles of vitamin
D have been recently described. In particular, studies have investigated possible roles of …

Vitamin D is essential for the regulation of the immune system. In recent years, the role of
vitamin D in the control of several autoimmune conditions such as inflammatory bowel …

Background: Patients with CD carry a higher risk of other autoimmune disorders. Because of
its immunoregulatory properties, vitamin D deficiency has been proposed in the …

Reduced bone mineral density is frequently found especially in adult celiac disease (CD)
and dietary guidelines favor vitamin D supplementation in adults and children with CD …

In the last few years, more attention has been given to the “non-calcemic” effect of vitamin D.
Several observational studies and meta-analyses demonstrated an association between …

Within the wide spectrum of symptoms and alteration of systems that characterizes CeD,
several studies indicate a low-level of vitamin D, therefore recent guidelines suggest its …

Dihydroxyvitamin D is a steroid hormone derived from vitamin D, playing an important role in
maintaining an adequate serum level of calcium and phosphorus. It is now clear that vitamin …

Vitamin D deficiency (levels lower than 20 ng/ml) is becoming a global health problem, since
it is increasingly represented even among healthy subjects. Vitamin D, as an environmental …