Background Recognizing only sharp elevation in a short period of time, the COVID-19 SARS-
CoV-2 propagation is more and more marked in the whole world. Induced inflammation …

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection induced lung inflammation
characterized by cytokine storm and fulminant immune response of both resident and …

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally, with over 500
million cases and 6 million deaths to date. COVID-19 is associated with a systemic …

Background Abnormal remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has generally been
linked to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and may also play a role in the pathogenesis …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), like other viruses, can
induce proliferation of myofibroblasts and even lead to fibrosis in the lung. Epithelial …

Background Lung fibrosis is a major concern in severe COVID-19 patients undergoing
mechanical ventilation (MV). Lung fibrosis frequency in post-COVID syndrome is highly …

The costs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are devastating. With millions of deaths
worldwide, specific serological biomarkers, antiviral agents, and novel therapies are …

Pulmonary fibrosis, severe alveolitis, and the inability to restore alveolar epithelial
architecture are primary causes of respiratory failure in fatal COVID-19 cases. However, the …

Patients with COVID-19 predominantly have a respiratory tract infection and acute lung
failure is the most severe complication. While the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) infection that currently lacks effective preventative or therapeutic measures …