The HIV epidemiology literature is replete with studies that categorize continuous predictors,
such as age and CD4+ cell count. It is well known that such an approach is suboptimal, but it …

Valid causal inference from observational studies requires controlling for confounders.
When time-dependent confounders are present that serve as mediators of treatment effects …

Many studies of HIV/AIDS aggregate data from multiple cohorts to improve power and
generalizability. There are several analysis approaches to account for cross-cohort …

This paper presents an approach to back‐projection (back‐calculation) of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) person‐year infection rates in regional subgroups based on …

In this article we study the relationship between virologic and immunologic responses in
AIDS clinical trials. Since plasma HIV RNA copies (viral load) and CD4+ cell counts are …

Objective We previously developed a flexible specification of the UNAIDS Estimation and
Projection Package (EPP) that relied on splines to generate time-varying values for the force …

The method of backcalculation can be used both to estimate the number of persons infected
with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to project future acquired immune …

We present a method for estimating age‐and time‐specific HIV incidence using back‐
calculation of AIDS incidence data. Two‐dimensional penalized likelihood is employed …

Context: HIV incidence measurements, which reflect recent or current transmission, are
valuable for monitoring the epidemic and evaluating prevention programs. Objectives: To …

The linear mixed model has become a widely used tool for longitudinal analysis of
continuous variables. The use of regression splines in these models offers the analyst …