Introduction: Neuromodulation (NM) is a complementary therapy for patients with drug-
resistant epilepsy. Vagal nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation of the anterior …

Epilepsy is a chronic brain syndrome characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from
excessive neuronal discharges. Despite the development of various new antiepileptic drugs …

Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the brain that affects individuals of all ages and has a
worldwide distribution. According to a 2006 World Health Organization report, 50 million …

In epileptic seizures, there is an enhanced probability of neuronal networks to fire
synchronously at high frequency, initiated by a paroxysmal depolarisation shift. Reducing …

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging non-invasive
neuromodulation therapy in epilepsy with conflicting results in terms of efficacy and safety …

Neurostimulation in epilepsy is a long standing established concept, and through
experimental and clinical uses, our understanding of neurostimulation and neuromodulation …

Purpose Current therapies for the management of epilepsy are still suboptimal for several
patients due to inefficacy, major adverse events, and unavailability. Transcranial direct …

Nearly 1% of the global population suffers from epilepsy. Drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE)
affects one‐third of epileptic patients who are unable to treat their condition with existing …

Neuromodulation (neurostimulation) is a relatively new and rapidly growing treatment for
refractory epilepsy. Three varieties are approved in the US: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) …

Purpose Transcranial electrical current stimulation (tES or tCS, as it is sometimes referred to)
has been proposed as non-invasive therapy for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. This technique …