Covalent DNA modifications, such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC), are increasingly the focus of
numerous research programs. In eukaryotes, both 5mC and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine …

While some DNA base modifications such as 5-methylcytosine have been known and
studied for decades, recent discoveries of a number of other modified bases have stimulated …

Chemically modified bases exist naturally in genomic DNA. Research into these bases has
been invigorated by the discovery of several modified bases in the mammalian genome, in …

The covalent DNA modification of cytosine at position 5 (5-methylcytosine; 5mC) has
emerged as an important epigenetic mark most commonly present in the context of CpG …

Hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC) is an oxidation product of 5-methylcytosine which is present
in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of most mammalian cells. Reduction of hmC levels in …

The modification of DNA bases is a classic hallmark of epigenetics. Four forms of modified
cytosine—5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5 …

The four canonical bases that make up genomic DNA are subject to a variety of chemical
modifications in living systems. Recent years have witnessed the discovery of various new …

Dynamic regulation and faithful maintenance of proper DNA methylation patterns are
essential for many cellular functions. 5-Formylcytosine (5fC), a newly discovered oxidized …

Epigenetics refers to a variety of processes that have heritable effects on gene expression
programs without changes in DNA sequence. Key players in epigenetic control are chemical …

Genetic information is encoded by the four bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C),
and thymine (T). Base pairing through hydrogen bonding between the cognate pairs AT and …