Importance Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use genetic variation associated with
modifiable exposures to assess their possible causal relationship with outcomes and aim to …

Abstract Background Two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR) is an increasingly
popular epidemiological method that uses genetic variants as instruments for making causal …

Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies allow a better understanding of the causal effects of
modifiable exposures on health outcomes, but the published evidence is often hampered by …

Abstract Background The use of Mendelian randomization (MR) in epidemiology has
increased considerably in recent years, with a subsequent increase in systematic reviews of …

Mendelian randomization (MR) studies are often described as naturally occurring
randomized trials in which genetic factors are randomly assigned by nature …

Observational epidemiological studies are prone to confounding, reverse causation and
various biases and have generated findings that have proved to be unreliable indicators of …

Mendelian randomization (MR) studies typically assess the pathogenic relevance of
environmental exposures or disease biomarkers, using genetic variants that instrument …

abstract Mendelian randomization (MR) is an increasingly important tool for appraising
causality in observational epidemiology. The technique exploits the principle that genotypes …

As with other instrumental variable (IV) analyses, Mendelian randomization (MR) studies
rest on strong assumptions. These assumptions are not routinely systematically evaluated in …

Abstract Purpose of Review Mendelian randomization (MR) is a strategy for evaluating
causality in observational epidemiological studies. MR exploits the fact that genotypes are …