The treatment landscape for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has undergone substantial
advancements with the introduction of biologics. However, a considerable number of …

Patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) can nowadays benefit from a
growing number of pharmacological options. However, in moderate-to-severe cases, the …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease with rising incidence worldwide, and
its debilitating symptoms and dissatisfactory therapies have brought heavy burdens for …

Background The intestinal tract is a complicated ecosystem with dynamic homeostasis via
interaction of intestine and microbiota. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic intestinal …

Extracellular vesicles are nanovesicles released by many cell types into the extracellular
space. They are important mediators of intercellular communication, enabling the functional …

The intestinal tract consists of various types of cells, such as epithelial cells, Paneth cells,
macrophages, and lymphocytes, which constitute the intestinal immune system and play a …

Background Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are membrane vesicles
characterized by a phospholipid bilayer as the basic skeleton that is wrapped by various …

The recent rapid development in the field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based
nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities for nanomedicine platforms. As …

The intestinal ecological environment plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and overall
well-being. In recent years, research has focused on the effects of extracellular vesicles …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease.
Although the etiology is uncertain, there is marked disbalance of mucosal immune …