Antifouling paints incorporate biocides in their composition seeking to avoid or minimize the
settlement and growing of undesirable fouling organisms. Therefore, biocides are released …

Organic booster biocides were recently introduced as alternatives to organotin compounds
in antifouling products, after restrictions imposed on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in 1987 …

In response to increasing scientific evidence on the toxicity and persistence of organotin
residues from antifouling paints in the aquatic environment, the use of triorganotin …

This chapter provides a statement on our current knowledge of the occurrence, fate and risks
associated with organic antifouling paint biocides. As a group of compounds they are …

Contamination of the aquatic environment by antifouling compounds has been a topic of
increasing importance during the last few years. This book describes advances in antifouling …

The production infrastructure in aquaculture invariably is a complex assortment of
submerged components with cages, nets, floats and ropes. Cages are generally made from …

Since the restriction imposed by European Union regulations on the use of TBT-based
antifouling paints on boats below 25 m in length, new terms have been introduced in the …

In October 2001, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) diplomatic conference
adopted the draft convention prepared by the Marine Environment Protection Committee …

This report was prepared in continuation of the project “Preliminary assessment of
mechanical cleaning as an alternative to biocide-containing marine bottom paints and …

Following the ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling, several organic booster
biocides have been used in conjunction with copper in antifouling paints as alternative …