How much, how often and how fast a drug reaches the brain determine the behavioural and
neuroplastic changes associated with the addiction process. Despite the critical nature of …

Drug addiction presents as a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by persistent drug‐
seeking and drug‐taking behaviours. Given the significant detrimental effects of this disease …

A key question in addiction research concerns how, in some individuals, initial recreational
or casual patterns of drug use may change brain and psychological function in ways that …

Drug addiction is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder that affects a subset of the individuals
who take drugs. It is characterized by maladaptive drug-seeking habits that are maintained …

Drug addiction is a psychiatric disorder based on a dysfunction of the brain. It frequently
develops from a controlled drug consumption and drug instrumentalization (DI). Thereby, DI …

Not the mere procurement and use of drugs, but the fact that patterns of seeking and taking
become compulsive after prolonged drug use is a defining characteristic of drug addiction …

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug intake, loss
of control over intake, and impairment in social and occupational function. Animal models …

Drug addiction is a progressive, relapsing disease comprised of interlocking stages of
disordered motivation. Numerous animal models describing various stages of the addiction …

Drug addiction manifests as a compulsive drive to take a drug despite serious adverse
consequences. This aberrant behaviour has traditionally been viewed as bad'choices' that …

Since the introduction of intravenous drug self-administration methodology over 50 years
ago, experimental investigation of addictive behaviour has delivered an enormous body of …