Mounting evidence shows that physical activity, social interaction and sensorimotor
stimulation provided by environmental enrichment (EE) exert several neurobehavioural …

Background: In recent decades, the interest in behavioral interventions has been growing
due to the higher prevalence of age-related cognitive impairments. Hence, behavioral …

Enriched environments and exercise provide complex environmental stimulation that can
induce emotional and cognitive changes; however, few studies have evaluated the effects of …

Environmental enrichment aims to improve the well-being of laboratory animals and
provides an opportunity to improve experimental reliability and validity. Animals raised in …

Environmental enrichment affects performance of neurologically intact organisms and
facilitates recovery of function following CNS injury. Only, a few recent studies have …

An environmental enrichment (EE) cage consisting of a broad living area and various
stimulators triggers social, cognitive, and physical activities. EE has been utilized in a wide …

Social plasticity is the ability to adaptively change the expression of social behaviour
according to experience, allowing animals to optimize their social relationships in the …

Abstract Properties of the environment play an important role in animal wellbeing and may
modulate the effects of external threats. Whereas stressors can affect emotion and impair …

Early life stress is associated with long-term and pervasive adverse effects on
neuroendocrine development, affecting normal cognitive and emotional development …

Environmental factors interact with biological and genetic factors influencing the
development and well‐being of an organism. The interest in better understanding the role of …