Several epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that many human
diseases are not only caused by specific genetic and environmental factors but also by gene …

One form of defence against cancer development involves a series of genes whose role is to
metabolize and excrete potentially toxic compounds and to repair subtle mistakes in DNA …

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and
multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these …

Studies of gene–environment interactions aim to describe how genetic and environmental
factors jointly influence the risk of developing a human disease. Gene–environment …

Cell division and organismal development are exquisitely orchestrated and regulated
processes. The dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes …

The lack of knowledge about the earliest events in disease development is due to the multi-
factorial nature of disease risk. This information gap is the consequence of the lack of …

Study of gene–environment interaction is important for improving accuracy and precision in
the assessment of both genetic and environmental influences. This overview presents a …

Cancer epidemiology has undergone marked development since the 1950s. One of the
most spectacular and specific contributions was the demonstration of the massive effect of …

Background Risk of cancer is determined by a complex interplay of genetic and
environmental factors. Although the study of gene‐environment interactions (G× E) has been …

Although epidemiological studies support the role of environment in a wide range of human
cancers, the precise mechanisms by which environmental exposures promote cancer …