Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial
inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage damage. It has a high disability …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease leading to aberrance of cartilage
structures with unclear or multifactorial mechanisms. Recently, a great portion of research …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that begins with a loss of tolerance to
modified self-antigens and immune system abnormalities, eventually leading to synovitis …

Mitochondria are major energy-producing organelles that have central roles in cellular
metabolism. They also act as important signalling hubs, and their dynamic regulation in …

During inflammation, immune cells activated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) have the ability to
undergo a bioenergetic switch towards glycolysis in a manner similar to that observed in …

Objective Alterations in mitochondria play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
(OA). The role of inflammation in the progression of OA has also acquired important new …

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CD4+ T cells hyperproliferate during clonal
expansion, differentiating into cytokine-producing effector cells that contribute to disease …

Synovial proliferation, neovascularization and leukocyte extravasation transform the
normally acellular synovium into an invasive tumour-like'pannus'. The highly dysregulated …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the major autoimmune destructive disease of joints with a
complicated pathogenesis. The contribution of tumor necrosis factor‐like ligand 1A (TL1A) in …

During aging and after traumatic injuries, cartilage and bone cells are exposed to various
pathophysiologic mediators, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), damage-associated …