People living with HIV-1 and HTLV-2 concomitantly show slower CD4+ T cell depletion and
AIDS progression, more frequency of the natural control of HIV-1, and lower mortality rates …

During the early 1980s, the first 3 human retroviruses were identified: human T-lymphotropic
virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A person …

The influence of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type II (HTLV-II) in individuals also
infected with HIV-1 is poorly understood. To evaluate the reciprocal influence of HTLV-II and …

The human retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1/HTLV-2 share similar routes of transmission but
cause significantly different diseases. In this review we have outlined the immune mediated …

Background. Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) infection is not rare among
injection drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and may exert a …

Co-infection with HTLV-1 reaches 20% among patients infected by HIV-1 in Bahia, Brazil. To
evaluate its impact on survival, we conducted a retrospective, case–control study involving …

Background T cell immune activation is a strong predictor of HIV-1 disease progression and
HIV-1 transmission, and IFN-alpha production following TLR7 stimulation has been …

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with
myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma …

In the last 10 years HIV-1/human T-cell leukemia virus (HIV-1/HTLV) coinfection has
emerged as a worldwide health problem. The numbers of HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfections in …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in innate immunity against pathogens. Their
stimulation induces the activation of NF-κB, an important inducer of HIV-1 replication. In …