Invasive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas are clinically indistinguishable until
identification of metastases. Optimal management and survival outcomes for both are not …

Pituitary tumors are not rare if prevalence rates from autopsy or radiological series are
considered; approximately 0.5% of all pituitary adenomas will come to medical attention …

Invasive adenomas show pathologic or radiological signs of invasion to the cavernous or
sphenoid sinuses, bone, or nasal mucosa. WHO classification categorizes pituitary …

Pituitary tumors are common and exhibit a wide spectrum of hormonal, proliferative and
invasive behaviors. Traditional classifications consider them malignant only when they …

Although almost all pituitary tumors are benign adenomas, a surprisingly large number of
these tumors invade tissues outside of the pituitary gland. Such invasion, by itself, is not …

Pituitary adenomas are considered benign tumors, but approximately 10% of them can have
an aggressive behavior and more rarely (0.2%) can present metastasis, being classified as …

Pituitary adenohypophyseal tumors are considered as benign and termed “adenomas”.
However, many tumors are invasive and a proportion of these exhibit an “aggressive …

Object Long-term outcomes following surgery for nonfunctional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs)
are unclear. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy is therefore controversial because it is …

Pituitary tumors are benign but not uncommonly invade locally into adjacent tissues such as
the cavernous sinus and dura. Some of these invasive tumors exhibit varying degrees of …

Pituitary carcinomas are rare pituitary tumors that by definition have cerebrospinal and/or
systemic metastases. Most of the tumors occur in the setting of multiple recurrences of …