Nearly all vertebrate cells have been shown to express heparan sulfate proteoglycans
(HSPGs) at the cell surface. The HSPGs bind to many secreted signaling proteins, including …

Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (PGs) are ubiquitously expressed on cell surfaces and
in the extracellular matrix of most animal tissues, having essential functions in development …

The heparan sulfates are a family of cell-surface and matrix polysaccharides with an
incredible degree of structural diversity that are distributed widely in virtually all metazoan …

Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans at cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix of most
animal tissues are essential in development and homeostasis, and variously implicated in …

The heparan sulfates (HS) are hypervariable linear polysaccharides that act as membrane
co-receptors for growth factors, chemokines, and extracellular matrix proteins. In most …

Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, at the cell surface and extracellular matrix, facilitate
ligand–receptor interactions crucial to many physiological processes. The distinct sulfation …

Heparan sulfate chains have markedly heterogeneous structures in which distinct patterns of
sulfation determine the binding specificity for ligand proteins. These “fine structures” of …

Large numbers of proteins in animal tissues occur immobilized in the extracellular space, at
cell surfaces or in the extracellular matrix. Some are anchored through interactions with …

Heparan sulfate (HS) are complex unbranched carbohydrate chains that are heavily
modified by sulfate and exist either conjugated to proteins or as free, unconjugated chains …

Heparan sulfate (HS) interacts with diverse heparin-binding growth factors and thereby
regulates their bioactivities. These interactions depend on the structures characterized by …