The E3 small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein ligase protein inhibitor of activated
STAT 4 (PIAS4) is a pivotal protein in regulating the TGFβ pathway. In this study, we …

The pathogenetic heterogeneity of pulmonary fibrosis yields both challenges and
opportunities for therapy. Its complexity implicates a variety of cellular processes, signaling …

Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that affects over 2.5 million people
globally. SSc results in dysfunctional connective tissues with excessive profibrotic signaling …

Epithelial injury, alternative macrophage accumulation, and fibroproliferation coexist in the
lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Chitinase 3–like 1 (CHI3L1) is a …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by lung remodeling arising from
epithelial injury, aberrant fibroblast growth, and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix …

Background Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disease with complex pathogenesis and
limited effective therapies. Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is a kinase that phosphorylates …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with limited treatment options. The role
of the developmental transcription factor Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) in the …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and lethal lung disease characterized by
progressive lung scarring. This study aims to elucidate the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible fibrotic disease of the distal
lung alveoli that culminates in respiratory failure and reduced lifespan. Unlike normal lung …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease of unknown etiopathogenesis. The
activation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing myofibroblasts plays a key role in fibrotic …