Objectives: Identify the anatomical structures involved in a cesarean section. Describe the
equipment, personnel, preparation, and technique utilized during a cesarean section …

Background One in nine US infants is born before 37 weeks' gestation, incurring medical
costs 10 times higher than full‐term infants. One in three infants is born by cesarean; …

The process of haemostasis is complex and is further complicated in the parturient because
of the physiological changes of pregnancy. Understanding these changes and the impact …

Caesarean section (C-section) deliveries account for nearly 30% of births annually with
emergency C-sections accounting for 7–9% of all births. Studies have linked C-sections to …

The human microbiome plays a role in maintaining health, but is also thought to attenuate
and exacerbate risk factors for adverse maternal–child health outcomes. The development …

The rate of labor induction is steadily increasing and, in industrialized countries,
approximately one out of four pregnant women has their labor induced. Induction of labor …

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection that was first
identified in China. Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread …

Background Cesarean delivery has increased steadily in the United States over recent
decades with significant downstream health consequences. The World Health Organization …

Background While there are well-accepted standards for the diagnosis of arrested active-
phase labor, the definition of a “failed” induction of labor remains less certain. One approach …