Bispecific T‐cell engagers (BiTEs) are a new class of immunotherapeutic molecules
intended for the treatment of cancer. These molecules enhance the patient's immune …

Protein and peptide drugs hold great promise as therapeutic agents. However, many are
degraded by proteolytic enzymes, can be rapidly cleared by the kidneys, generate …

With 18 monoclonal antibody (mAb) products currently on the market and more than 100 in
clinical trials, it is clear that engineered antibodies have come of age as biopharmaceuticals …

Nearly 30% of currently approved recombinant therapeutic proteins are produced in
Escherichia coli. Due to its well-characterized genetics, rapid growth and high-yield …

The number of therapeutic monoclonal antibody in development has increased
tremendously over the last several years and this trend continues. At present there are more …

Antibodies are highly specific, naturally evolved molecules that recognize and eliminate
pathogenic and disease antigens. The past 30 years of antibody research have hinted at the …

The discovery of hybridoma technology, described by Kohler and Milstein in 1975, and the
resulting ability to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) initiated a new era in antibody …

Nanobodies are the smallest fragments of naturally occurring heavy-chain antibodies that
have evolved to be fully functional in the absence of a light chain. As such, the cloning and …

Recombinant antibody fragments, most notably Fab and scFv, have become important tools
in research, diagnostics and therapy. Since different recombinant antibody formats exist, it is …

Recombinant therapeutic proteins have gained enormous importance for clinical
applications. The first recombinant products have been produced in E. coli more than 20 …