The metastatic spread of malignant cells to distant anatomical locations is a prominent
cause of cancer-related death. Metastasis is governed by cancer-cell-intrinsic mechanisms …

A substantial amount patients with cancer will develop bone metastases, with 70% of
metastatic prostate and breast cancer patients harboring bone metastasis. Despite …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, modulate multiple aspects of cancer
biology. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) secrete EVs, but their molecular features …

Most cancer deaths are caused by metastasis: recurrence of disease by disseminated
tumour cells at sites distant from the primary tumour. Large numbers of disseminated tumour …

Myeloidderived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are traditionally considered among the major
components of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). However, there is …

Antioxidants play important roles in the maintenance of cellular integrity and thus are critical
in maintaining the homeostasis of the host immune system. A balance between the levels of …

Ferritin internalized into tumor cells is degraded and releases iron ions via ferritinophagy.
Iron ions participate in Fenton reaction to produce reactive oxygen species for lipid …

Increases in Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported in breast tumors and their
surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) cells. ROS are critical factors in breast TME as …

Interferons (IFNs) are important cytokines that regulate immune responses through the
activation of hundreds of genes, including interferon-induced transmembrane proteins …

Tetraspanins are an evolutionary conserved family of proteins involved in multiple aspects of
cell physiology, including proliferation, migration and invasion, protein trafficking, and signal …