Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the fourth leading cause of death among the elderly
worldwide, has brought enormous challenge to the society. Due to its extremely complex …

Neurotransmitters serve as chemical messengers playing a crucial role in information
processing throughout the nervous system, and are essential for healthy physiological and …

Neurodegenerative diseases are the most common causes of disability worldwide. Given
their high prevalence, devastating symptoms, and lack of definitive diagnostic tests, there is …

Abstract Parkinson's Disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the
degeneration of progressive dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra region of …

The production of harmful free radicals (H-FRs), especially those with oxygen or nitrogen
atoms, depends on both internal and environmental causes. The negative effects of H-FRs …

Background Microfluidic devices have evolved into low-cost, simple, and powerful analytical
tool platforms. Herein, an electrochemically-based microfluidic nanobiosensor array for …

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a protein degradation mechanism through
lysosomes. By targeting the KFERQ motif of the substrate, CMA is responsible for the …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of
neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease …

Combining existing drug therapy is essential in developing new therapeutic agents in
disease prevention and treatment. In preclinical investigations, combined effect of certain …

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with TAR DNA-binding protein
43 (TDP-43) aggregation has been considered as a lethal and progressive motor neuron …