Various cellular stress conditions trigger mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release from
mitochondria into the cytosol. The released mtDNA is sensed by the cGAS-MITA/STING …

Introduction The unique mucosal immune system allows the generation of robust protective
immune responses at the front line of pathogen encounters. The needle-free delivery route …

The immune microenvironment plays a vital role in bone defect repair. To create an immune
microenvironment that promotes osteogenesis, researchers are exploring ways to enhance …

As COVID-19 continues, an increasing number of patients develop long COVID symptoms
varying in severity that last for weeks, months, or longer. Symptoms commonly include …

ABSTRACT Post-Acute Infection Syndrome (PAIS) is a relatively new medical terminology
that represents prolonged sequelae symptoms after acute infection by numerous pathogenic …

The complexity of intestinal homeostasis results from the ability of the intestinal epithelium to
absorb nutrients, harbor multiple external and internal antigens, and accommodate diverse …

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute watery diarrhea and high mortality in
newborn piglets. Activation of intestinal mucosal immunity is crucial to anti-PEDV infection …

Background Inadequate immunity caused by poor immune surveillance leads to
tumorigenesis, while excessive immunity due to breakdown of immune tolerance causes …

For more than 20 years, the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WPR) has
been polio-free. However, two current challenges are still polio-related. First, around half of …

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a re-emerging pathogen that causes severe
economic loss in the pig industry. The host's innate immune system is the first line of defense …