The colon mucus layer is organized with an inner colon mucus layer that is impenetrable to
bacteria and an outer mucus layer that is expanded to allow microbiota colonization. A major …

Contemporary studies have completely changed the view of brain immunity from envisioning
the brain as isolated and inaccessible to peripheral immune cells to an organ in close …

Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the
gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant …

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of
neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The gut microbes …

Gut microbiota‐derived metabolites are key hubs connecting the gut microbiome and cancer
progression, primarily by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and regulating key …

Numerous studies have emphasised the importance of the gut microbiota during early life
and its role in modulating neurodevelopment and behaviour. Epidemiological studies have …

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play active roles
in health and disease. Recent technologies have uncovered the functional heterogeneity of …

The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast
genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every …

The enteric nervous system is largely autonomous, and the central nervous system is
compartmentalized behind the blood-brain barrier. Yet the intestinal microbiota shapes gut …

The gut microbiota is associated with brain development and function, as well as altered
emotional, motor, and cognitive behaviors in animals. However, there remains a pressing …