When administered to normal healthy patients, a nonselective adenosine A 1/A 2A
antagonist, caffeine, tended to improve anxiety and depression at low doses and to …

Rationale Effort-related motivational symptoms such as anergia and fatigue are common in
patients with depression and other disorders. Research implicates pro-inflammatory …

About 10 million new cases of dementia develop worldwide each year, of which up to 70%
are attributable to Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to the widely known symptoms of …

Adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists represent a new way forward in the symptomatic
treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) through a non-dopaminergic mechanism. As a class …

Stress initially causes adaptive changes in the brain and can lead to neurodegeneration if
continuously present. Noxious brain conditions trigger the release of adenosine that can …

Asthma has long been considered a condition in which psychological factors have a role. As
in many illnesses, psychological variables may affect outcome in asthma via their effects on …

Depressed mood, which can occur in the context of major depressive disorder, bipolar
disorder, and other conditions, represents a serious threat to public health and wellness …

Rationale Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) but its response to classical
antidepressants is not clear. The adenosine A 2A antagonist istradefylline is effective in the …

Pathophysiological mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD) seem to be associated
with oxidative stress pathways and altered purinergic metabolism. We conducted a …

Increased ATP release and its extracellular catabolism through CD73 (ecto-5′-
nucleotidase) lead to the overactivation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), which occurs in …