The cognitive reserve (CR) is widely accepted as the active ability to cope with brain
damage, using preexisting cognitive and compensatory processes. The common CR proxies …

Research suggests that social, physical, and cognitively challenging activities during
lifetime, could mitigate the negative effects of aging on cognitive function. This effect is …

Cognitive frailty (CF) is a topic of growing interest with implications for the study of preventive
interventions in aging. Nevertheless, little research has been done to assess the influence of …

Lifelong bilingualism may contribute to cognitive reserve (CR) in neurodegenerative
diseases as shown by a delay of the age at symptom onset in bilinguals with Alzheimer's …

The cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis is reinforced by negative moderating effects,
suggesting that those with higher CR are less reliant on brain structure for cognitive function …

Abstract Objective The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a neuropsychological tool
largely used to assess executive functions. Prior studies found a marked ceiling effect for the …

Long-term management of more than one language has been argued to contribute to
changes in brain and cognition. This has been particularly well documented in older age …

Brain plasticity is important for translational purposes since most neurological disorders and
brain aging problems remain substantially incurable. In the mammalian nervous system …

Along with rapid global population aging, the age-related cognitive disorders such as mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia have posed a serious threat to public health …

The underlying premise of current theories of cognitive decline with age tend to be primarily
cognitive or biological explanations, with relatively few theories adequately integrating both …