Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the
gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In the past few decades, breakthrough …

The system physiology approaches that emerge in western countries in recent years echo
the holistic view of ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practices that deal with the …

Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical
functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that …

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are characterized by chronic complaints
arising from disorganized brain-gut interactions leading to dysmotility and hypersensitivity …

Multidirectional interactions between the nervous and immune systems have been
documented in homeostasis and pathologies ranging from multiple sclerosis to autism, and …

Mucosal barrier immunity is essential for the maintenance of the commensal microflora and
combating invasive bacterial infection. Although immune and epithelial cells are thought to …

Abnormalities of mast cell structure or function may play prominent roles in irritable bowel
syndrome (IBS) symptom genesis. Mast cells show close apposition to sensory nerves and …

Auch wurden ähnlich wie bei der Vorgängerleitlinie die Empfehlungen zum kindlichen
Reizdarmsyndrom und Empfehlungen zur Abgrenzung intestinaler Motilitätsstörungen …

Inflammation in the intestines causes abdominal pain that is challenging to manage. The
terminals of sensory neurons innervating the gut are surrounded by glia. Here, using a …

Persons with allergies present with symptoms that often are the result of alterations in the
nervous system. Neuronally based symptoms depend on the organ in which the allergic …