Uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol, or p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), are
markedly accumulated in the organs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. These toxins …

As the GFR loss aggravates, the disturbed mineral metabolism worsens the bone
microstructure and remodelling‐scenario, which is known as CKD‐mineral bone disease …

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis
and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the …

Calcification of the vessel wall contributes to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Vascular calcification (VC) is a systemic disease with multifaceted contributing and inhibiting …

Vascular calcification (VC) is a life-threatening state in chronic kidney disease (CKD). High
cardiovascular mortality and morbidity of CKD cases may root from medial VC promoted by …

Acute kidney injury (AKI), commonly caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury, has far-reaching
health consequences. Despite the significant regenerative capacity of proximal tubular …

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension and has significant
cardiovascular consequences. Mutated channelopathy due to the activation of calcium …

Bone strength is determined not only by bone quantity [bone mineral density (BMD)] but also
by bone quality, including matrix composition, collagen fiber arrangement, microarchitecture …

It is increasingly acknowledged that mineral and bone disorders (MBDs) contribute to the
excessively high cardiovascular (CV) disease morbidity and mortality observed in patients …

Background To study the influencing factors for coronary artery calcification (CAC) in
maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and the relationship between CAC and bone …