A milestone in the evolutionary emergence of vertebrates was the invention of cartilage, a
tissue that has key roles in modeling, protecting and complementing the bony skeleton …

Hox genes encode evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that are essential for the
proper development of bilaterian organisms. Hox genes are unique because they are …

Hox proteins are homeodomain transcription factors that diversify serially homologous
segments along the animal body axis, as revealed by the classic bithorax phenotype of …

Hox genes code for transcription factors and are evolutionarily conserved. They regulate a
plethora of downstream targets to define the anterior-posterior (AP) body axis of a …

Deciphering the universal gene regulatory mechanisms in diverse organisms holds great
potential to advance our knowledge of fundamental life process and facilitate research on …

Deep phylogeny involving arthropod lineages is difficult to recover because the erosion of
phylogenetic signals over time leads to unreliable multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and …

Objectives Homeobox genes are a group of conserved class of transcription factors that
function as key regulators during the embryonic developmental processes. They act as …

The importance of Hox genes for the development and evolution of the vertebrate axial
skeleton and paired appendages has been recognized for already several decades. The …

TALE factors are broadly expressed embryonically and known to function in complexes with
transcription factors (TFs) like Hox proteins at gastrula/segmentation stages, but it is unclear …

Background Chemoresistance often develops in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
(ESCC), leading to poor prognosis. HOX genes play a crucial role in embryonic …