Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, produced within multivesicular bodies, that
are then released into the extracellular space through a merging of the multivesicular body …

In recent times, metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been regarded as having important
commercial utility. However, the potential toxicity of these nanomaterials has also been a …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells beneficial in regenerative medicine
and tissue repair. The therapeutic potential of MSCs for inflammatory diseases and …

Background After surgery, wound recovery in diabetic patients may be disrupted due to
delayed inflammation, which can lead to undesired consequences, and there is currently a …

Nanozyme‐based tumor catalytic therapy has attracted widespread attention in recent years.
However, its therapeutic outcomes are diminished by many factors in the tumor …

Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis
have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired …

Experimental models have often been at the origin of immunological paradigms such as the
M1/M2 dichotomy following macrophage polarization. However, this clear dichotomy in …

Macrophages play an important role in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic
processes. Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of macrophages …

Macrophages represent heterogeneous cell population with important roles in defence
mechanisms and in homoeostasis. Tissue macrophages from diverse anatomical locations …

Macrophages are extremely heterogeneous and plastic cells with an important role not only
in physiological conditions, but also during inflammation (both for initiation and resolution) …