The universal increase in the number of patients with nonhealing skin wounds imposes a
huge social and economic burden on the patients and healthcare systems. Although, the …

Biologics—medications derived from a biological source—are increasingly used as
pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial …

Implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS) are an attractive alternative to conventional drug
administration routes. Oral and injectable drug administration are the most common routes …

Microneedles are micron-sized devices that are used for the transdermal administration of a
wide range of active pharmaceutics substances with minimally invasive pain. In the past …

Vaccines provide substantial safety against infectious diseases, saving millions of lives each
year. The recent COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of vaccination in providing …

Most existing vaccines, delivered by intramuscular injection (IM), are typically associated
with stringent storage requirements under cold-chain distribution and professional …

There is a lack of actively targeting drug delivery carriers for the topical treatment of
epidermal diseases, which results in drug waste and an increased incidence of toxic side …

Cancer is the leading cause of death, acting as a global burden, severely impacting the
patients' quality of life and affecting the world economy despite the expansion of cumulative …

Immunotherapy has become a promising research “hotspot” in cancer treatment.“Soldier”
immune cells are not uniform throughout the body; they accumulate mostly in the immune …

Lymph nodes play a pivotal role in tumor progression as key components of the lymphatic
system. However, the unique physiological structure of lymph nodes has traditionally …