The coexistence of heart failure is frequent and associated with higher mortality in patients
with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and its management is a critical issue. The WATCH-DM risk …

An integral component of the practice of medicine is focused on the initiation of medications,
based on clinical practice guidelines and underlying trial evidence, which usually test the …

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has led to a pandemic, with significant
microvascular and macrovascular complications including coronary artery disease (CAD) …

Epidemiologic, genetic, and clinical intervention studies have indisputably shown that low-
density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is causal in the development of atherosclerotic …

Background The pharmacotherapeutic guidelines for type 2 diabetes have changed
considerably during the past decades. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists have …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) represent two modern diseases of
civilization and are closely related. According to the concept of cardio-renal and reno …

Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality is high in patients with chronic kidney disease
(CKD). Most patients reveal a high prevalence of CV risk factors such as diabetes or arterial …

The metabolic syndrome, characterized by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension,
hyperlipidemia, and obesity, collectively increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases …

Different multifactorial pathophysiological processes are involved in the development of
heart failure (HF), including neurohormonal dysfunction, the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of mortality and are primarily
driven by atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Their pathogenesis involves multi-factorial …