Environmental and occupational health problems associated with exposures to metals in
low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) 1 are complex, frequently …

Environmental health problems associated with metals in developing countries are complex
and frequently severe. They relate to the mining of mineral deposits in these countries, the …

Metals and their compounds have long been recognized as important toxic agents, causing
acute and chronic poisoning cases in occupational settings and in environmental situations …

The term" heavy metals"(HMs) refers to a class of metallic elements with specific gravity
larger than 4.0 and density greater than 5g/cm3 (Rehman et al. 2021) and an atomic number …

The drive for development and modernization has come at great cost. Various human
activities in developed and developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) …

Global pollution by metals and metalloids has reached an all-time high as a direct result of
modern human industrial activities, such as production of electronic components, batteries …

Metallic elements constitute a large proportion of all existing elements. They are intrinsic
components of the earth's crust and the environment, thus causing variable exposures of …

The global population growth, urbanization and the increased energy demand led to serious
changes in the environment. Numerous anthropogenic activities release a variety of toxic …

In recent years, urbanization and industrialization have produced large amounts of heavy
metals, which are highly toxic to both humans and the environment. This book presents a …

Any concern for environmental quality is subservient to job creation and the provision of food
and shelter in most African communities. By necessity, most of the limited medical resources …