Helminth parasites (worms) have evolved a vast array of strategies to manipulate their
vertebrate hosts. Extracellular vesicles (EV s) are secreted by all helminth species …

As long-lived parasites, helminths depend upon immunomodulation of their hosts for
survival. The release of excretory-secretory (ES) products, including proteins, lipids and …

Abstract Helminth Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators in host-
parasite communications, participating in the parasite survival and its pathogenic effects. In …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been characterized from many species of parasitic
helminths, and recent experimental evidence supports important functions for their cargo in …

Introduction: Helminths are multicellular parasites affecting nearly three billion people
worldwide. To orchestrate a parasitic existence, helminths secrete different molecules, either …

The hunt for effective vaccines against the major helminth diseases of humans has yet to
bear fruit despite much effort over several decades. No individual parasite antigen has …

The recent discovery that parasites release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can transfer a
range of effector molecules to host cells has made us re-think our understanding of the host …

Recent studies have demonstrated that many parasites release extracellular vesicles (EVs),
yet little is known about the specific interactions of EVs with immune cells or their functions …

Helminth parasites have a remarkable ability to persist within their mammalian hosts, which
is largely due to their secretion of molecules with immunomodulatory properties. Although …

Helminth parasites are masters at manipulating host immune responses, using an array of
sophisticated mechanisms. One of the major mechanisms enabling helminths to establish …