Without healing, multicellular life on Earth would not exist. Without healing, one injury
predisposes to another, leading to disability, chronic disease, accelerated aging, and death …

The rate of biological aging varies cyclically and episodically in response to changing
environmental conditions and the developmentally-controlled biological systems that sense …

It is well-established that mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, producing
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the universal energy currency. However, the most significant …

Oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to
mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, protein misfolding, programmed cell death with …

Metabolic changes are hallmarks of aging and genetic and pharmacologic alterations of
relevant pathways can extend life span. In this review, we will outline how cellular …

Genetic and pharmacological intervention studies have identified evolutionarily conserved
and functionally interconnected networks of cellular energy homeostasis, nutrient-sensing …

Perturbation of metabolism elicits cellular stress which profoundly modulates the cellular
proteome and thus protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Consequently, changes in the …

The cell danger response (CDR) is the evolutionarily conserved metabolic response that
protects cells and hosts from harm. It is triggered by encounters with chemical, physical, or …

Background For several decades, intermediate metabolism and signal transduction have
been considered two independent entities. On one side stood the catabolic and anabolic …

It is estimated that, at minimum, 500 million individuals suffer from cellular metabolic
dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), throughout the world. Even more concerning is …