The activities of daily living typically occur at metabolic rates below the maximum rate of
aerobic energy production. Such activity is characteristic of the nonsteady state, where …

During moderate exercise (below the lactate threshold, θL), muscle CO2 production ()
kinetics are monoexponential, with a time constant (τ) similar to that of O2 consumption …

Oxygen uptake has been studied in the transitions between rest and exercise for more than
100 years, yet the mechanisms regulating the rate of increase in oxidative metabolism …

One of the major features of an effectively functioning physiological system is its ability to
respond to a particular stressor with rapid response characteristics. For example, during …

The effect of cardiovascular adjustments on the coupling of cellular to pulmonary gas
exchange during unsteady states of exercise remains controversial. Computer simulations …

Power outputs that are below the anaerobic threshold (theta an) may be sustained for
prolonged durations, whereas power outputs that are greater than theta an result in a …

During maximal exercise, ventilation-perfusion inequality increases, especially in athletes.
The mechanism remains speculative. We hypothesized that, if interstitial pulmonary edema …

For over a century of creative research, many theories on the possible mechanisms
controlling respiration during exercise have been developed and discussed. One of the most …

Breathing has inherent irregularities that produce breath-to-breath fluctuations (“noise”) in
pulmonary gas exchange. These impair the precision of characterizing nonsteady-state gas …

For exercise modalities such as cycling which recruit a substantial muscle mass, muscle
oxygen uptake (V̇O 2) is the primary determinant of pulmonary V̇O 2. Indeed, the kinetic …