The forest canopy is fundamentally important in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem
function. Cryptogamic epiphytes are dominant tree bole and canopy elements in temperate …

Aim Lichen epiphytes are important for biodiversity conservation and are also widely applied
as environmental indicators. However, biogeographical and ecological knowledge …

Major environmental gradients co‐vary with elevation and have been a longstanding natural
tool allowing ecologists to study global diversity patterns at smaller scales, and to make …

Community ecology has experienced a major transition, from a focus on patterns in
taxonomic composition, to revealing the processes underlying community assembly through …

Changing land use has a major impact on lichen diversity. This study attempts to identify
patterns or trends of lichen functional groups along a land use gradient, ranging from natural …

Lichens occur in most terrestrial ecosystems; they are often present as minor contributors,
but in some forests, drylands and tundras they can make up most of the ground layer …

Aim Patterns of epiphytic lichen diversity along elevational gradients covering the range of
Norway spruce forests were analysed. The roles of water and energy variables in shaping …

Exploration of tree crowns worldwide often reveals rich epiphyte communities composed of
lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants. In very old, wet forests, nearly every tree surface …

The amount of large and old trees has decreased in the boreal forests during the last
centuries of forestry. Such trees are important habitats for epiphytic lichens and there is a …

Several experimental studies support the effectiveness of lichen diversity as an indicator of
environmental change. On the contrary, the potential of functional trait values of epiphytic …