Integration of sensory and molecular inputs from the environment shapes animal behaviour.
A major site of exposure to environmental molecules is the gastrointestinal tract, in which …

Abstract 'Dysbiosis' of the maternal gut microbiome, in response to challenges such as
infection, altered diet and stress during pregnancy, has been increasingly associated with …

Social interactions among animals mediate essential behaviours, including mating,
nurturing, and defence,. The gut microbiota contribute to social activity in mice,, but the gut …

Multicellular organisms have co-evolved with complex consortia of viruses, bacteria, fungi
and parasites, collectively referred to as the microbiota. In mammals, changes in the …

Exercise exerts a wide range of beneficial effects for healthy physiology 1. However, the
mechanisms regulating an individual's motivation to engage in physical activity remain …

Microglia and astrocytes modulate inflammation and neurodegeneration in the central
nervous system (CNS),–. Microglia modulate pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic activities in …

Connections between the gut and brain monitor the intestinal tissue and its microbial and
dietary content, regulating both physiological intestinal functions such as nutrient absorption …

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The coevolution of mammalian hosts and their beneficial commensal microbes has led to
development of symbiotic host–microbiota relationships. Epigenetic machinery permits …

The dense microbial ecosystem in the gut is intimately connected to numerous facets of
human biology, and manipulation of the gut microbiota has broad implications for human …