Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration, is a significant stressor that affects
the survival of aerobic species and plays a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. From …

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the major cause of death in industrialized countries. The
main function of the CV system is to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all tissues. During most …

Low oxygen (O2) levels are a naturally occurring feature of embryonic development, adult
physiology, and diseases such as those of the cardiovascular system. Although many …

Oxygen maintains the homeostasis of an organism in a delicate balance in different tissues
and organs. Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are specific and …

The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) system was discovered as an oxygen-sensitive regulatory
pathway that confers adaptive responses to hypoxia. Novel aspects of this growing network …

The circulatory system distributes blood flow to each tissue and transports oxygen and
nutrients. Peripheral circulation is required to maintain the physiological function in each …

Oxygen (O2) is essential for human life. Molecular oxygen is vital for the production of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in human cells. O2 deficiency leads to a reduction in the …

Oxygen homeostasis represents an organizing principle for understanding metazoan
evolution, development, physiology, and pathobiology. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) …

Oxygen homeostasis reflects the constant body requirement to generate energy. Hypoxia
(0.1–1% O2), physioxia or physoxia (∼ 1–13%), and normoxia (∼ 20%) are terms used to …

The correct concentration of oxygen in all tissues is a hallmark of cellular wellness, and the
negative regulation of oxygen homeostasis is able to affect the cells and tissues of the whole …