† Representation does not imply endorsement by the American College of Physicians. The
American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of …

In the wake of the reports of the Women's Health Initiative and the Heart and
Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS), which unexpectedly showed that …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for
women in the United States and worldwide. There has been no American College of …

productivity as a result of CVD, compared with $190 billion for cancer and $29 billion for
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 2 In addition to population-based and macroeconomic …

Background—The 2007 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiovascular disease
prevention in women drew heavily on results from randomized clinical trials; however …

Methods Writing group members were nominated by the committee chair and co-chair on
the basis of their previous work in relevant topic areas and were approved by the American …

Over the past decade, scientists, healthcare providers, the public, and policy makers have
made substantial efforts to improve understanding of the sex/gender* differences in …

disease. Furthermore, this study does not take into consideration the other potential benefits
of this therapeutic protocol, which are beyond the scope of this statement. Data are lacking …

In 2001, the Institute of Medicine (now known as the National Academy of Sci-ence)
published a seminal monograph, Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health …

by on February 5, 2008 circ. ahajournals. org Downloaded from disease. Furthermore, this
study does not take into consideration the other potential benefits of this therapeutic …