Despite decades of surveillance and pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions,
seasonal influenza viruses continue to cause epidemics around the world each year. The …

Seasonal influenza vaccines lack efficacy against drifted or pandemic influenza strains.
Developing improved vaccines that elicit broader immunity remains a public health priority …

Currently, licensed seasonal influenza vaccines display variable vaccine effectiveness, and
there remains a need for novel vaccine platforms capable of inducing broader responses …

Since the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs
categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the …

Influenza A virus (IAV) is the sole cause of the unpredictable influenza pandemics and
deadly zoonotic outbreaks and constitutes at least half of the cause of regular annual …

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) possess a great zoonotic potential as they are able to infect
different avian and mammalian animal hosts, from which they can be transmitted to humans …

Influenza remains one of the major public health concerns because it causes annual
epidemics and can potentially instigate a global pandemic. Numerous countermeasures …

Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has undergone dramatic advancement in the context
of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The power and potential of this …

Biological sex affects adaptive immune responses, which could impact influenza infection
and vaccine efficacy. Infection of mice with 2009 H1N1 induced antibody responses, CD4+ T …

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is an attractive vaccination method compared with
conventional injectable vaccines because it is easier to administer without pain. We …