The currently available vaccines have suboptimal efficacy and do not provide adequate
protection against drifted and shifted strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza …

Respiratory viral infections, such as coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza,
cause significant morbidity and mortality and have become a worldwide public health …

The protective immune response produced by fish after vaccination is crucial for vaccine
effectiveness. Our previous studies have shown inactivated vaccine against Edwardsiella …

Viral subunit vaccines contain the specific antigen deemed most important for development
of protective immune responses. Typically, the chosen antigen is a surface protein involved …

Background We have reported the vaccine effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in
children aged 6 months to 15 years between the 2013/14 and 2018/19 seasons. Younger (6 …

Background While both cellular and humoral immunity are important in immunologic
protection against influenza, how the influenza-specific CD4 T cell response is established …

Influenza continues to represent a global health challenge, causing an estimated 650,000
deaths annually. The ability of Influenza viruses to undergo genetic drift and shift, leading to …

INTRODUCTION—Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza A or B
viruses, and rarely influenza C viruses, which occurs in outbreaks worldwide every year …