Vaccine administration by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is the most commonly
prescribed route for inoculation, however, it is often associated with some deficiencies such …

In general, there is a profound influence of reducing physical dimensions of particulates and
devices on their physico-chemical and biological properties, and their performance …

Background We evaluated safety and immunogenicity of the first mRNA vaccines against
potentially pandemic avian H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses. Methods Two randomized …

Microneedles is the technique of drug delivery enhancement, which was primarily designed
for facilitating percutaneous drug delivery. Started from the development of simple solid …

In late 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a lipid-based mRNA
vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19, which has pushed this field to be more closely …

The development of vaccines is one of the most significant medical accomplishments which
has helped to eradicate a large number of diseases. It has undergone an evolutionary …

Background Vaccine supply shortages are of global concern. We hypothesise that
intradermal (ID) immunisation as an alternative to standard routes might augment vaccine …

The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to global health and the global economy. The
ongoing race to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 …

The early life influenza disease burden calls for more effective vaccines to protect this
vulnerable population. Influenza vaccines including the MF59 oil-in-water adjuvant induce …

Importance Low-dose intradermal influenza vaccines could be a suitable alternative to full
intramuscular dose during vaccine shortages. Objective To compare the immunogenicity …