The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological
memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and …

Immunosenescence is defined as the progressive deterioration of the immune system with
aging. Immunosenescence stifles the generation of protective B and T cell-mediated …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a global pandemic and significant …

Background Enhanced influenza vaccines may improve protection for older adults, but
comparative immunogenicity data are limited. Our objective was to examine immune …

Immunosenescence is a process associated with aging that leads to dysregulation of cells of
innate and adaptive immunity, which may become dysfunctional. Consequently, older adults …

Organismal ageing is associated with many physiological changes, including differences in
the immune system of most animals. These differences are often considered to be a key …

Influenza vaccines have been available for over 80 years. They have contributed to
significant reductions in influenza morbidity and mortality. However, there have been …

Known since Hippocrates and of continuing public health importance, influenza remains a
major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and large segments of the human …

The proportion of the global population aged 65 and older is rapidly increasing. Infections in
this age group, most recently with SARS-CoV-2, cause substantial morbidity and mortality …

Background The Vaxxas high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) consists of a high density
of microprojections coated with vaccine for delivery into the skin. Microarray patches (MAPs) …